Humans Were Hunters And Gatherers - 1391 Words

Prehistorically, we find that humans were hunters and gatherers. They would hunt animals for the meat and they would gather fruits and vegetables that were grown naturally for their food. After some time, people discovered that they could do agriculture instead and doing that greatly increased the amount of food that people could grow and store. Agriculture changed everything with regards to how the human society was built. This was because when the people would forage, there was no way for them to store the food for a long time, as the meat would and the fruits/vegetables would go bad if it was left out in the open for extended amounts of time. This meant that they had to be hunting and gathering throughout the year, meaning that most of their lives and time would be spent looking for food. However, with agriculture, came a boom with regards to food production. People had more food that they could store and eat anytime. This gave way to people having more time on their hands, which meant they could pursue other aspects of the society, such as politics and art. In this regard we find that the foraging societies were much more egalitarian compared to agricultural societies. Many people have sought to answer the question why such foraging societies tended to be more egalitarian. It has to be noted that during the twentieth century, anthropologists found and were able to study many different hunter-gatherer societies in the modern world that lived in the more remote parts ofShow MoreRelatedThe First Humans Were Hunter Gatherers907 Words   |  4 PagesThe first humans were hunter-gatherers. The men hunted and the women organized the farming and gathering in an egalitarian social model of equality for all men and women. Approximately 12,000 years ago agriculture replaced the traditional hunter-gatherer routines for a more permanent and consistent lifestyle centered on agriculture. As a result class or rank based societies were formed. The dominant government and s ociety in European was the feudal system where land was granted for service. AfterRead MoreIshmael a Novel by Daniel Quinn 1173 Words   |  5 Pages(Quinn 24). Ishmael claims humans of what are considered civilized cultures are captives of a story that in turn keeps the world captive. Ishmael calls this large group â€Å"Takers,† while he calls everyone else—usually hunter-gatherers of â€Å"primitive† cultures—â€Å"Leavers† (Quinn 39). In order to save the world, Ishmael believes Takers need to be freed from the story they are enacting and return to a Leaver-lifestyle. Although he may seem to romanticize hunter-gatherers and seem to be urging everyoneRead MoreEffects Of The Neolithic Revolution1233 Words   |  5 Pagesturning point in human history. It was the start of agriculture and the beginning of a settled life for us humans around 10,000 BC. Although several people strongly believe that this was a positive turning point in our his tory, they all continue to ignore the negative effects it brought along with it. Farming brought on a poor diet, disease, health defects, and inequality between people. That is why the Neolithic Revolution should be considered a negative turning point in human history. One of theRead MoreDaniel Quinns Ishmael1012 Words   |  5 Pagescaptivity (Quinn 24). Ishmael claims humans of what are considered civilized cultures are captives of a story that keeps the world captive. This large group, Ishmael calls â€Å"Takers,† while everyone else—usually hunter-gatherers of â€Å"primitive† cultures—Ishmael calls â€Å"Leavers† (Quinn 39). In order to save the world, Ishmael believes Takers need to be freed from the story they are enacting and return to a Leaver-lifestyle. Although he may seem romanticize hunter-gatherers and seem to be urging modern societyRead MoreEssay on The Worse Mistake in Human History1398 Words   |  6 Pages Most people would argue that the transition from hunting and gathering of food to agricultural food production was the best innovation in human history. We are taught to believe that this innovation gave rise to civilization, allowed for more leisure time in which people could then focus on arts and allowed for a higher yielding, more consistent and reliable food source. Despite some of the innovations that sprang from agriculture, upon a closer look, we can see that with the advent of agricultureRead MoreAnalysis Of Jared Diamond s The Worst Mistake844 Words   |  4 PagesIn Jared Diamond’s â€Å"The Worst Mistake in the History of the Human Race† he kicks off by telling readers the negative effects agriculture has placed on our world that still follows us today. He believes that â€Å"with agriculture came the gross social and sexual inequality, the disease and despotism that curse our existence† and that this will continue on until a change occurs (Diamond1 ). He explains the progressivist perspective as well but uses their reasoning as a way to back up his. Diamond is correctRead MoreAgriculture Vs Hunter Gatherer1027 Words   |  5 Pagescommon. Jared Diamond, Professor of Geography and Physiology at the University of California, mentions an important mistake in his essay, The Worst Mistake in the History of the Human Race. Diamond discusses agriculture versus the hunter-gatherer method of acquiring food. He exclaims that agriculture is the worst mistake human race has made. Additionally, Diamond introduces two perspectives towards agriculture. A person may take a revisionist standpoint and â€Å"advocate revision of a system, theory, etc†Read MoreHunter Gatherers Live Healthy And Mobile Lives1476 Words   |  6 PagesHunter-gatherers live healthy and mobile lives compared to the overworked farmer. Although it may seem that a farmer’s life is more beneficial, evidence shows that hunter-gatherers lead a more advantage ous, healthy and efficient life. The ultimate goal for both hunter-gatherers and farmers is the same; survival and a better life, but hunter-gatherers reap more benefits from their mobile and sustainable lifestyle. Agricultural production may be what many people depend on for survival, but huntingRead MoreCreating Tragedy Out Of Triumph1079 Words   |  5 Pageshealth defects and diseases, and a disparity of the sexes. Jared Diamond, author of â€Å"The Worst Mistake in the History of the Human Race†, believes the agricultural revolution to be a tremendous mistake. He cites numerous examples of ways in which agriculture has had negative effects, including malnutrition and starvation, inequality of the sexes, and disease. Women were also given demanding jobs that caused many of them to have a decline in their health. â€Å"Farming could support many more people thanRead MoreHunter-Gatherer Societies from Different Views895 Words   |  4 PagesDuygu TanrÄ ±verdi 1657147 Hunter-Gatherer Societies From Different Views Before comparing and contrasting the attitudes of the scholars July, Cameron, Sahlins and Polanyi towards hunter-gatherer societies, one should discover some facts about these societies’ lives. Hunter-gatherers are the people living in small mobile societies who makes their life on subsistence level by daily hunting and gathering activities. They try to avoid market and do not tend to trade for economic benefits

Last Report on the Miracles of Little No Horse Essay

Last Report On The Miracles Of No Horse: A Review of the Literature The focal character in this novel had many different characters throughout this touching narrative. Though the main focus was on the priest, Father Damien Modeste, he began and was actually a woman. Beginning as a young girl, Agnes Vogel nà ©e DeWitt, was also known as former Sister Cecilia of a convent in Wisconsin, widow of Berndt Vogel and lover of the piano and, more specifically, the Polish music composer, Chopin. I am going to focus on her particular love of music, piano playing and her interest in Chopin which seemed to have caused many therapeutic effects on her. Being a pianist myself, I was compelled to ask the question throughout the book, how can music†¦show more content†¦The ancient Hebrews employed music in several recorded cases of physical and mental illness. The Chinese thinker and social philosopher named Confucius was a great lover of music; it was his belief that music was a definite aid to harmonious living. There were also Plato and Aristotle who regarded music very highly. Plato expressed in The Republic his belief that health in mind and body could be obtained through music. (Podolsky). Shamanism has been studied in depth with the connection to use of music therapeutically (Wigram 17). Music therapy in the United States began in the late 18th century. However, using music as a healing medium dates back to ancient times (MAM). One could continue to go on and on with so many historical examples of the therapeutic use of music on the human body. But from the humble beginnings of music, the art of composing has continued to grow drastically over time. Today there is much research and data proving scientifically that music is even more recognized for its benefits and even detriment on the physiological and psychological systems of the body (Cook). Research recently, after about 250 years of separation, is once again uniting medicine, health psychology andShow MoreRelatedThe Last Report On Miracles At The Little No Horse 1065 Words   |  5 Pagestheir own. Most interestingly, identity is a controlling factor in motivating one’s behavior and actions. A common thread in shaping identity across all cultures is the role of spiritual tradition. Through the characters in The Last Report on Miracles at the Little No Horse, Louise Erdrich confronts individual and communal responses to that reality. Since tradition is symbolic, not material, one can not physically hold on to their tradition. In other words, an individual makes the conscious decisionRead MoreThe Last Report On The Miracles At Little No Horse2065 Words   |  9 PagesNovels and plays are two different forms of literature that are both capable of delivering similar messages. A novel is a type of literature that is meant to be read and excite the imagination as is shown in the novel â€Å"The Last Report on the Miracles at Little No Horse.† On the other hand, a play is another form of literature that is meant to be acted and is based on conversations as is displayed in the play â€Å"fareWel.† Although both of these forms are uniquely different, they both are connected byRead MoreThe Last Report On The Miracles At Little No Horse Essay2300 Words   |  10 PagesIn the novel The Last Report on the Miracles at Little No Horse by Louise Erdrich, the main character, Agnes, goes through many transformations throughout the course of the novel, be that spiritual, gendered, or in the basis of identity. Agnes’s identity, both as a female and as Father Damien, is an imperfect example of syncretism, as they appear at certain times as two distinct individuals, and at others, the individual identities are indiscernible. Syncretism is a term related to the concept ofRead MoreMy New Perception Of The World And Gender Studies Class Essay1751 Words   |  8 Pagesmathematicians and scientists and other â€Å"bread winning† professions. Examples of these gender roles and systems of oppression can be s een in nearly all of the novels that we read. Beginning the first novel of this semester, The Last Report on the Miracle at Little No Horse, Agnes who later becomes Father Damien Modeste lives her life with both gender roles and society expectations. The novel begins with her as a nun which is the epitome of the â€Å"ideal woman† a devout virgin, modest in clothing, andRead MoreThe Miracles At Little No Horse2478 Words   |  10 PagesLong ago, huge puffy white clouds glided across the vast bodies of water surrounding the land of the Native Americans. The tribes were thrilled yet shocked at the same time to see them. Little did the natives of America know that these harmless looking fluffy clouds were actually huge vessels filled with their descending doom. Western civilization took hold quickly on Native Americans and had disastrous effects on a majority of them. Some native individuals resented the colonization and fought backRead MoreEssay on A Horse and Two Goats: Detai led Summary7459 Words   |  30 PagesA Horse and Two Goats Detailed Summary A Horse and Two Goats is the story of a comical and fateful meeting between two men, neither of who speak each others language. Muni and his wife live in poverty in a remote village in India called Kritam. In his prosperous days, before pestilence took most of his cattle, Muni had 40 sheep and goats. Now, in his old age, Muni has just two goats. His usual daily routine is to take the goats to graze two miles from his home, alongside the highway, atRead More The American Education System Essay2534 Words   |  11 Pagesthe future. However, these cries for reform are so demanding that many times the reforms created to please the people are pushed through so fast that consequences are never completely considered. These latest cries for reform came after the annual report by Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) was released in December 2010 stating that 15-year-old American students ranked average in mathematics, reading, writing, and science (Duncan, 2010). â€Å"Average† might not be much of an alarm toRead More francis of assisi Essay3048 Words   |  13 Pageslife, poverty, and humilit y before God. He worked to care for the poor. Thousands were drawn to his sincerity, piety, and joy. In all his actions, Francis sought to follow fully and literally the way of life demonstrated by Christ in the Gospels. My report is going to discuss the life and contributions of St. Francis of Assisi. Francis of Assisi lived about eight hundred years ago. He was born in the city of Assisi, Italy, in 1182. He was the son of Peter Bernardone (A wealthy merchant) and MadonnaRead MoreLiberty University Bibl 323 John Module 5 Notes Essay examples11938 Words   |  48 Pagesand Jesus was in the temple area walking in Solomon’s Colonnade. The Jews gathered around him, saying, ‘How long will you keep us in suspense? If you are the Christ, tell us plainly.’ Jesus answered, ‘I did tell you, but you do not believe. The miracles I do in my Father’s name speak for me, but you do not believe because you are not my sheep. My sheep listen to my voice; I know them, and they follow me. I give them eternal life, and they shall never perish; no one can snatch them out of my handRead MoreEssay on The Global Threat of Malicious Code6210 Words   |  25 Pagesinfecting all vulnerable hosts. A Trojan horse is a program containing hidden code allowing the unauthor ized collection, falsification, or destruction of information. 1 The term Trojan horse comes from Greek mythology. During the battle for the city of Troy, the attacking Greeks struggled to find a weakness in the citys defenses. So they built a large horse and presented it to the Trojans as a gift, which the Trojans accepted. Hidden inside the gigantic horse was a small army of Greek soldiers. During

Mexico’s Economical Crisis, Facts and Remedies Free Essays

Mexico is the most advanced and developed nation in the Latin America, with a population over 96 million and per capita income about $3970 USD, it’s income ranges to the upper middle class in the Latin America. During the 60s and 70s the GDP grew by 3.5% annually, but then the crisis of 80s completely reversed the process and the whole Mexican economy went upside down followed by the 90s crisis which pushed back the GNP of the country to the 50’s level. We will write a custom essay sample on Mexico’s Economical Crisis, Facts and Remedies or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this paper we will discus the GDP increase and decrease of the Mexican economy facts of the crisis of 80s and 90s and GNP exchange crisis and inflation, debating about the factors involving in the crisis and discussion the ways the problem could be solved and presenting some suggestions about it. Sudden Collapse in GDP Growth; Why? As discussed in the introduction the data shows that during the seventh and eighth decade of the last century the GDP growth of Mexico showed a mean 3.5% annually growth, but after the 84 crisis the GDP growth shrank to 0.5%. This sudden collapse has aroused suspicions about the credibility of the Mexican claim of 3.5% GDP growth annually. GDP does not measure output reliably because it includes not only the final output produced by an economy’s market, but also transactional activities, which are intermediate to production. (Wallis and North 1986; North 1987) Governments spend a large amount of money on National Defense, Justice, Social Reforms and enforcing regulations. The transactional activities regarding these issues are intermediary in nature but are included in the standard computation of GDP. During the last three decades preceding the 84 crisis transactional activities have varied. Due the change in the structure of the nation’s economy i.e. the traditional agriculture trends declined and the share of manufacturing and services in the economy increased, as well as the economic interdependence. Government’s change in policies effected the transactional cost while the decreased in oil prices enhanced the process resulting the indebtedness of the government which compelled her later to take high interest loans, thus increasing inflation and the currency exchange rate became unstable . These all circumstances blew every thing out and Mexican economy was completely crushed resulting in sudden downfall of GDP. GNP Downfall in the 90s: In 1994 the GNP of the country fell down to its historical low as a result per capita income fell to the level of 50s and the plague of poverty spread all over the country leaving no one undisturbed. The main causes of this turbulence as analyzed by the economists were the demographic, environmental changes as well as the changing in the global scenario and also the emergence of NAFTA as most of the foreign investment was invested in the stock market and short term bond but all these devalued thus crushing down the peso. The increasing poverty and the deteriorating environment as well as the increasing inflation pressurized the already decomposed economy thus the weak currency faced a sudden downfall and the rate of exchange become intolerably unstable. The monetary market was panicked by the falling currency and soon every investor threw away the Mexican currency. The GNP fell rapidly and Mexico again fell in the darkness of high interest debts, inflation and poverty. What are the Rectifications? What Mexico needed after these sudden shocks complete is overhauling of the economy by making it free from old and conservative rules and regulations. The government should continue the process of the privatization of state owned enterprises, especially the ejido (Community Land Owned by the Government). The Federal Labor Law also needs some thorough reforms. While the most important thing to do is the clear and of the Assets of Petroleos Mexicanos (PEMEX) what ever it is deemed by the Mexican Government as a Mexican Sovereignty or not. A Promotion and Reconstruction bank should be created with the initial capital as $150 billion dollars, and also the board of directors should be select among the professional and honest persons. Businesses should issue bonds of their debt for 30 years. Income tax should be reduced immediately to 20%. The government should negotiate with the United States and Canada to obliterate the taxes and tariff between the three governments thus creating a free trade market. (Valenzuela, 1999) Conclusion: To recover from the shocks of the turbulences and achieve a sustainable growth process the Mexican Government have to make radical changes in the economy and has to redesign it in a more appropriate way that the economy becomes adaptable to the modern economic circumstances. Reference: Marco Espinosa, Steven Russell, The Mexican economic crisis: alternative views, http://www.frbatlanta.org/frbatlanta/filelegacydocs/Espin811.pdf Ricardo Valenzuela, 1999. A Prescription for Dealing with Mexico’s Economic Crisis,   http://www.westga.edu/~bquest/1999/prescrip.html Robert A. Blecker, NAFTA, the Peso Crisis, and the Contradictions of the Mexican Economic Growth Strategy,http://www.newschool.edu/cepa/papers/archive/cepa0103.pdf Wallis, J. J, D.C. North. 1986. Measuring the transaction sector in the American economy, 1870-1970. In Long-term factors in American economic growth, edited by S.L. Engerman and R. E. Gallman. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 95-161. Deirdre Griswold, 1995 Oil, debt and Mexico’s national sovereignty, In Workers World. http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/46/026.html How to cite Mexico’s Economical Crisis, Facts and Remedies, Essay examples

Oscar Wildes comedy The Importance of being Ernest is entwined around the concept of mistaken identity Essay Example For Students

Oscar Wildes comedy The Importance of being Ernest is entwined around the concept of mistaken identity Essay Oscar Wildes comedy The Importance of being Ernest is entwined around the concept of mistaken identity. It shows the irony of a group of friends, within a Victorian society, meddling with the truth to make themselves more appealing to each other. Jack Worthing and Algernon Moncrieff are good friends of an upper class society. Jack is known in the town as Ernest and in the country by his real name Jack. He is in love with Gwendolen Fairfax, who only knows him by Ernest. In the country he is known as Jack and said to his ward Cecily Cardew there that Ernest is his mischievous brother in the town. Algernon too is in the game of deception. He brought to life a character called Bunbury that no one has met, whose health seems to be declining, to excuse him from engagements he has made. He also disguises himself as Jacks brother Ernest when he goes down to the country, where he falls in love with Cecily, who also only knows him as Ernest and not by his true identity. Both men pretend to be called Ernest and both women want to be in love with a man called Ernest. The concept of identity is important in this satire as it brings humour to the play by mocking the intelligence of these upper class characters, but on the serious side exploits the irony and narrow mindedness of society. Both women in the play admire the name Ernest as it brings to mind someone whose is earnest and honest, yet both men are far from it. Jack and Algernons preoccupation with the name Ernest is driven by their love for Gwendolen and Cecily who also are preoccupied with the name Ernest believing that it prescribes the men earnest nature, my ideal has always been to love someone of the name of Ernest. There is something in the name that inspires confidence. The moment Algernon first mentioned to me he had a friend called Ernest, I knew I was destined to love you. Wilde mocks them by showing how deep their love really is. The too women are only in love with the name, a superficial detail, before they have even met the men, and the men are willing to change theirs to impress! Algernon fabricated his invaluable permanent invalid friend Bunbury to escape engagements in the town to visit him in the country. Lady Bracknell, his aunt, invites him to dine with her but he tells her he cant as Bunburys condition is getting worse and needs to visit him in the country. However, adding to the humour, Lady Bracknell answers with the ironic I think that its high time that Mr Bunbury made up his mind whether he going to live or dieà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I should be obliged if you would ask Mr Bunburyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ to be kind enough not to have a relapse on Saturday, for I rely on you to arrange my music. As if his illness is far less important than her reception. In Act I Jack proposes to Gwendolen. Jack is truly in love with her and she accepts his proposal but to his dismay exclaims My own Ernest as if she is only accepting him on the basis that he is called Ernest. She knew she was destined to marry a man called Ernest before she had even met him. Jack is alarmed by this and uncertainty runs through his mind, you mean to day that you couldnt love me if my name wasnt Ernestà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I think Jack, for instance, a charming name, the fact that he does not find insulating her un-satisfaction with the name Jack and preoccupation with the name Ernest adds to the humour ad further mocks the ignorance of the characters. Gwendolen assures that names actually bear some weight with regard to the determination of character forcing the audience to reassess whether she really loves Jack. Once Jack and Gwendolens engagement was announced to her mother Lady Bracknell she found it to interrogate Jack to check his suitability for her daughter. In this scene Wilde explore the absurdity of the institution of marriage. It gives the impression that society only marries for status rather than love. Lady Bracknell is a good example of Oscar Wildes cutting satire at work. How to Write a Controversial EssayFinally in Act III Lady Bracknell arrives. Once again her interrogation of suitability continues as the conflicts that arose before are recalled regarding the issue of consent to marry and the importance of the name Earnest. She disapproves of Jack and Gwendolens engagement yet approves of Cecily and Algernons after she hears of Cecilys small fortune in funds as very few girls of the present day have any really solid qualities, any of the qualities that last, and improve with time. This once again mocks the concept of marriage as it seems to absurdly be based on status and wealth rather than love. Wilde deliberately satirizes the entire institution. And when Algernon dismisses this idea as Cecily is the sweetest, dearest, prettiest girl in the whole worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and doesnt care twopence about social possibilities Lady Bracknell warns him not to disrespect society as only people who cant get into it do that. In this epigram Wilde portrays stereotype of the aristocracy of the Victorian society and their snobbish behaviour. However, Jack refuses to give consent for Cecily to marry Algernon if Lady Bracknell does not consent for Gwendolen to marry him. In the squabble it is found that it was Miss Prism that lost the bag in which Jack was found as a baby. In fact it is revealed that he is he Lady Bracknells sisters son. This is very ironic as at the beginning Lady Bracknell was disgraced at the fact that Jack was lost as a baby when in fact it was her own sister that had lost him! Jack finally finds out who he is and from whom he has come from. It is exposed that his Christian name really is by chance Ernest so the truth is he was earnest throughout after all. Throughout this play Wilde has used numerous devices to add to the humour of the play. Wildes humour is fundamentally based on a particular dramatic irony, one in which the audience knows that the characters are ridiculously absurd, but the characters themselves are not aware of the fact at all. He mocks the principles of upper class Victorian society and their fashions. Especially on the tone of marriage by indicating that marriage is capriciously subject to all sorts of social factors rather than love. Wilde also uses epigrams as a means of humour. Sarcastic and witty lines, delivered mostly by Algernon and lady Bracknell, mocking the world around them. If I ever get married, Ill certainly try to forget the fact; divorces are made in heaven; you dont seem to realize that in marriage, three is company and two is none are example of some the manipulated clichÃÆ' ©s. Most of the epigrams abound in the dialogue are reversed conventional phrases, such as Marriage is made in heaven and two is company three is a crowd. They are manipulated traditional clichÃÆ' ©s that provide intellectual entertainment by showing how empty those clichÃÆ' ©s are. Wilde uses them to satirize the excess of the elite, but at the same time the ideas Algernon comes up with are not always far off reality. Jack presents us with a pun on the word earnest in the last line of the play as he says, Ive now realized for the first time in my life, the Importance of Being Earnest. The simple pun on being earnest and the name Ernest has been used throughout the play. It is important for Jack obviously to be Ernest as Gwendolen otherwise will not want to marry him. However, at the same time that it is important to be earnest in nature. Ernest and Algernon were rewarded with marriage in the end. And although the play unwinds with neither meaning to act earnestly, they were in fact being completely honest the whole time. Ernest was Ernest and Algernon was Ernests dashing brother. The final line of the play suggests to the audience that there is a different kind of earnestness, different from the stuffy arrogance of Lady Bracknell, an earnestness that allows for the inconsistencies and whims that inhibit mankind.